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大学化学实验

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（如使用代码，您可能需要pip安装Python库）

  • 2024春学堂在线答案
  • 实验报告参考合集 @ 随光
    数据处理代码 
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import splines

def main(dataList: list, reactionBeginIndex: int, dotsPerSecond: int = 300):
    """
    Args:
        dataList (list): 数据点 y 坐标
        reactionBeginIndex (int): 反应起始时刻
        dotsPerSecond (int, optional): 拟合曲线差值点个数. Defaults to 300.
    """
    dataListLenth = len(dataList)
    dataX = np.array(range(1, dataListLenth + 1))
    dataY = np.array(list(map(lambda x: x + 298.15, dataList)))
    points1 = np.array([[dataX[i], dataY[i]] for i in range(dataListLenth)])
    ax = plt.gca()
    spline = splines.CatmullRom(points1, alpha=0.5)
    total_duration = spline.grid[-1] - spline.grid[0]
    dots = int(total_duration * dotsPerSecond) + 1
    times = spline.grid[0] + np.arange(dots) / dotsPerSecond
    intersectionY = 3 / (reactionBeginIndex + 3 - dataListLenth) * (
        dataY[-1] - dataY[reactionBeginIndex + 2]) + dataY[reactionBeginIndex +
                                                           2]
    ax.plot(*spline.evaluate(times).T, marker='.', linestyle='',
            color="gray")  # 拟合曲线
    ax.plot(*np.asarray(spline.evaluate(spline.grid)).T,
            color='black',
            linestyle='',
            marker='x',
            markersize=10)  # 数据点
    plt.xticks(range(1, dataListLenth))  # x 坐标轴
    plt.axline((reactionBeginIndex, dataY.min()),
            (reactionBeginIndex, dataY.max()),
            linestyle="--",
            color="black")  # 竖直虚线
    plt.axline((dataListLenth, dataY[-1]),
            (reactionBeginIndex + 3, dataY[reactionBeginIndex + 2]),
            linestyle="--",
            color="black")  # 斜虚线
    plt.xlim([0, dataListLenth + 1])  # x 范围
    plt.ylim([dataY.min() - 1, dataY.max() + 1])  # y 范围
    plt.scatter(reactionBeginIndex, intersectionY, marker="o",
                color="black")  # 虚线交点
    plt.xlabel("$\mathrm{t/30s}$")  # x 名称
    plt.ylabel("$\mathrm{T/K}$")  # y 名称
    plt.annotate("",
                xy=(reactionBeginIndex - 0.4,
                    dataY[reactionBeginIndex - 1] - 0.1),
                xytext=(reactionBeginIndex - 0.4, intersectionY + 0.1),
                arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="<->", ))  # Delta T 箭头
    plt.text(reactionBeginIndex - 1.5,
            (intersectionY + dataY[reactionBeginIndex - 1]) / 2,
            "     $\\Delta T$\n${}K$".format(
                round(intersectionY - dataY[reactionBeginIndex - 1], 1)),
            bbox={
                'facecolor': 'white',
                'edgecolor': 'white',
                'alpha': 1,
                'pad': 1
            })  # Delta T 文字
    plt.show()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    data = [
        18.1, 18.2, 18.2, 18.3, 18.2, 18.2, 27.8, 28.7, 28.8, 28.7, 28.7, 28.6,
        28.5, 28.5, 28.4
    ]  # 在这里修改实验数据
    reactionBeginIndex = 6  # 反应起始时刻
    main(data, reactionBeginIndex)